Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 5-6, December 2014, pages 131-136

Assessment of Growth and Development in Children With Hepatitis B Positivity

**Table 1.** Normal Values and Laboratory Procedures
Parameters	Cutoff points	Method
AST (U/L)		Colorimetric
1 - 9 years	15 - 55
10 - 19 years	5 - 45
ALT (U/L)		Colorimetric
1 - 19 years	5 - 45
GGT (U/L)		Colorimetric
4 months - 10 years	5 - 32
10 - 15 years	5 - 24
ALP (U/L)		Colorimetric
< 15 years	350 - 1,000
> 15 years	25 - 250
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.2 - 1.3	Colorimetric
AFP (ng/mL)	0 - 14	Chemiluminescence
IGF-1 (ng/mL)		Enzymatic-labeled chemiluminescent immunometric assay
0 - 4 years	49 - 171
> 4 years	76 - 499
IGFBP-3 (ng/mL)		Enzymatic-labeled chemiluminescent immunometric assay
5 - 10 years	1.1 - 7
10 - 15 years	2.4 - 9.5
HBV DNA (IU/mL)		Polymerase chain reaction
Positive	< 2,000
Negative	> 2,000
HAI score		Knodell scoring system
Minimal inflammation	1 - 4
Mild-marked inflammation	> 4

Table 1. Normal Values and Laboratory Procedures

Parameters

Cutoff points

Method

AST (U/L)

Colorimetric

1 - 9 years

15 - 55

10 - 19 years

5 - 45

ALT (U/L)

Colorimetric

1 - 19 years

5 - 45

GGT (U/L)

Colorimetric

4 months - 10 years

5 - 32

10 - 15 years

5 - 24

ALP (U/L)

Colorimetric

< 15 years

350 - 1,000

> 15 years

25 - 250

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.2 - 1.3

Colorimetric

AFP (ng/mL)

0 - 14

Chemiluminescence

IGF-1 (ng/mL)

Enzymatic-labeled chemiluminescent immunometric assay

0 - 4 years

49 - 171

> 4 years

76 - 499

IGFBP-3 (ng/mL)

Enzymatic-labeled chemiluminescent immunometric assay

5 - 10 years

1.1 - 7

10 - 15 years

2.4 - 9.5

HBV DNA (IU/mL)

Polymerase chain reaction

Positive

< 2,000

Negative

> 2,000

HAI score

Knodell scoring system

Minimal inflammation

1 - 4

Mild-marked inflammation

> 4

**Table 2.** Features of Children Diagnosed With Hepatitis B
Age
Mean age	10.81 ± 3.23
Age range	2 - 16.49
SDS for height	-0.29 ± 0.88 (-2.15 - 1.47)
SDS for weight	-0.30 ± 0.99 (-2.52 - 1.67)
SDS for BMI	-0.25 ± 1.25 (-4.83 - 1.89)
Gender
Girl	17 (39.5%)
Boy	26 (60.5%)
Potential way of contamination
Circumcision at home	1 (2.3%)
Operation	3 (7%)
Dental treatment	3 (7%)
Hospitalization	1 (2.3%)
Family history of hepatitis B
Yes	37 (86%)
No	6 (14%)
Follow-up (month)	2 - 84
Mean	35.16 ± 24.8
Treated	6 (14%)
Lamivudine	5 (11.6%)
Adefovir	1 (2.3%)
Previously received interferon + lamivudine	1 (2.3%), maintenance with lamivudine
Not treated	37 (86%)

Table 2. Features of Children Diagnosed With Hepatitis B

Age

Mean age

10.81 ± 3.23

Age range

2 - 16.49

SDS for height

-0.29 ± 0.88 (-2.15 - 1.47)

SDS for weight

-0.30 ± 0.99 (-2.52 - 1.67)

SDS for BMI

-0.25 ± 1.25 (-4.83 - 1.89)

Gender

Girl

17 (39.5%)

Boy

26 (60.5%)

Potential way of contamination

Circumcision at home

1 (2.3%)

Operation

3 (7%)

Dental treatment

3 (7%)

Hospitalization

1 (2.3%)

Family history of hepatitis B

Yes

37 (86%)

6 (14%)

Follow-up (month)

2 - 84

Mean

35.16 ± 24.8

Treated

6 (14%)

Lamivudine

5 (11.6%)

Adefovir

1 (2.3%)

Previously received interferon + lamivudine

1 (2.3%), maintenance with lamivudine

Not treated

37 (86%)

**Table 3.** Laboratory Findings of Patients
	Mean ± SD
AST (U/L)	12 - 66 (35.2 ± 11.1)
ALT (U/L)	9 - 113 (37.6 ± 21)
GGT (U/L)	6 - 29 (11.7 ± 3.8)
ALP (U/L)	71 - 491 (259.27 ± 81.06)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.2 - 1.3 (0.22 ± 0.1)
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.1 - 0.5 (0.22 ± 0.1)
AFP (IU/mL)	0 - 5.4 (1.5 ± 1.14)
IGF-1 SDS (ng/mL)	-2.27 - 6.81 (0.5 ± 1.94)
IGFBP-3 SDS (ng/mL)	-3.83 - 2.59 (0.16 ± 1.40)

Table 3. Laboratory Findings of Patients

Mean ± SD

AST (U/L)

12 - 66 (35.2 ± 11.1)

ALT (U/L)

9 - 113 (37.6 ± 21)

GGT (U/L)

6 - 29 (11.7 ± 3.8)

ALP (U/L)

71 - 491 (259.27 ± 81.06)

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.2 - 1.3 (0.22 ± 0.1)

Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.1 - 0.5 (0.22 ± 0.1)

AFP (IU/mL)

0 - 5.4 (1.5 ± 1.14)

IGF-1 SDS (ng/mL)

-2.27 - 6.81 (0.5 ± 1.94)

IGFBP-3 SDS (ng/mL)

-3.83 - 2.59 (0.16 ± 1.40)

**Table 4.** Comparison of Mean Laboratory Findings of Children With or Without Malnutrition
	Malnutrition (+)	Malnutrition (-)	P value
Malnutrition was detected in only one child who underwent biopsy, and HAI was found to be 6. *IGF-1 level was studied in 32 patients, and IGFBP-3 level was studied in 33 patients.
AST (U/L)	41.09 ± 13.31	33.25 ± 9.75	0.04
ALT (U/L)	43.45 ± 31.59	35.59 ± 16.63	0.297
GGT (U/L)	10.72 ± 4.31	12.09 ± 3.68	0.316
HAI score	6*	5.6 ± 2.8	0.905
HBV DNA (IU/mL)	1 × 10⁸ ± 8 × 10⁷	7 × 10⁷ ± 6 × 10⁷	0.223
IGF-1 SDS (ng/mL)**	-0.87 ± 0.84	0.8 ± 2	0.031
IGFBP-3 SDS (ng/mL)**	-0.53 ± 0.93	0.35 ± 1.46	0.13

Table 4. Comparison of Mean Laboratory Findings of Children With or Without Malnutrition

Malnutrition (+)

Malnutrition (-)

P value

*Malnutrition was detected in only one child who underwent biopsy, and HAI was found to be 6. **IGF-1 level was studied in 32 patients, and IGFBP-3 level was studied in 33 patients.

AST (U/L)

41.09 ± 13.31

33.25 ± 9.75

0.04

ALT (U/L)

43.45 ± 31.59

35.59 ± 16.63

0.297

GGT (U/L)

10.72 ± 4.31

12.09 ± 3.68

0.316

HAI score

5.6 ± 2.8

0.905

HBV DNA (IU/mL)

1 × 10⁸ ± 8 × 10⁷

7 × 10⁷ ± 6 × 10⁷

0.223

IGF-1 SDS (ng/mL)**

-0.87 ± 0.84

0.8 ± 2

0.031

IGFBP-3 SDS (ng/mL)**

-0.53 ± 0.93

0.35 ± 1.46

0.13