Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 6, Number 6, December 2013, pages 207-218

Host Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Associated Diseases in a Population Based Cohort

Table 1. Summary of Statistically Significant Findings in the Study

Independent variables

Dependent variables

H. pylori infection

Infl. antrum

Infl. corpus

Ulcer

Atrophy of corpus

IM antrum

IM in corpus

Overall

Moderate-Severe

Overall

Moderate-Severe

Overall

Duodenal

Overall

Moderate-Severe

PGI/PGII

Overall

Moderate-Severe

Overall

Results for the ratio PGI/PGII are obtained using the GLM analysis and the remaining results are obtained using the logistic regression model. An up arrow (↑) represents a significant positive correlation, and a down arrow (↓) represents a significant negative correlation for each independent variable. No arrow indicates a lack of significant association. Atrophy and inflammation are graded histologically according to the Sydney system.

H, K-ATPase antibodies

↑

↓

↑

H. pylori infection

↑

↓

↑

Gender = Male

↓

BMI

↓

Age

↑

↓

↑

Smoker

↑

Alcohol consumption (weekly)

↑

Blood group O comp. to A

↑

Blood group AB comp. to A

↑

DRB1*01

↓

DRB1*03

↓

DRB1*04

↓

DRB1*08

↓

IL1RN L2 comp. to 22

↑

IL1B -31 TC comp. to CC

↓

**Table 2.** Result From Binary Logistic Regression With of *H. Pylori* Infection as Dependent Variable
Dependent variable	No. of positive cases	No. of included cases	Variables in the equation	P-value^#	95% CI for OR
Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used as indicator of the validity of the equation at the last step of iterations; ^#The significance level was set to P < 0.050.
H. pylori infection	170	442	Age	0.000	1.027	1.066
ABO	0.047
ABO (B)	0.758	0.416	1.894
ABO (O)	0.013	1.121	2.677
ABO (AB)	0.160	0.797	3.949
DRB1*03	0.045	0.388	0.989

Table 2. Result From Binary Logistic Regression With of H. Pylori Infection as Dependent Variable

Dependent variable

No. of positive cases

No. of included cases

Variables in the equation

P-value^#

95% CI for OR

Lower

Upper

Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used as indicator of the validity of the equation at the last step of iterations; ^#The significance level was set to P < 0.050.

H. pylori infection

170

442

Age

0.000

1.027

1.066

ABO

0.047

ABO (B)

0.758

0.416

1.894

ABO (O)

0.013

1.121

2.677

ABO (AB)

0.160

0.797

3.949

DRB1*03

0.045

0.388

0.989

**Table 3.** Result From Binary Logistic Regression Analysis With Chronic Inflammation as Dependent Variable
Dependent variable	No. of positive cases	No. of included cases	Variables in the equation	P-value^b	95% CI for OR
^aHosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used as indicator of the validity of the equation at the last step of iterations; ^bThe significance level was set to P < 0.050.
Inflammation overall grade 1-3 of the corpus	181	442	H, K-ATPase ab	0.001	1.017	1.061
H. pylori inf.	0.000	44.090	170.14
Age	0.015	1.007	1.072
Inflammation grade 2-3 of the corpus	42	442	H. pylori inf.	0.000	3.028	15.713
Age	0.007	1.013	1.088
ABO (A)	0.049
ABO(B)	0.857	0.291	4.408
ABO(O)	0.949	0.448	2.123
ABO(AB)	0.010	1.400	11.705
Inflammation overall (grade 1-3) of the antrum	181	442	H, K-ATPase ab	0.019	1.003	1.038
H. pylori inf.	0.000	241.34	2331.7
Inflammation grade 2-3 of the antrum	114	442	H. pylori inf.	0.000	55.397	509.42
Alcohol cons. (weekly)	0.016	1.247	8.277
IL1B-31 (CC)	0.026
IL1B-31 (TC)	0.011	0.094	0.733
IL1B-31 (TT)	0.140	0.169	1.285

Table 3. Result From Binary Logistic Regression Analysis With Chronic Inflammation as Dependent Variable

Dependent variable

No. of positive cases

No. of included cases

Variables in the equation

P-value^b

95% CI for OR

Lower

Upper

^aHosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used as indicator of the validity of the equation at the last step of iterations; ^bThe significance level was set to P < 0.050.

Inflammation overall grade 1-3 of the corpus

181

442

H, K-ATPase ab

0.001

1.017

1.061

H. pylori inf.

0.000

44.090

170.14

Age

0.015

1.007

1.072

Inflammation grade 2-3 of
the corpus

442

H. pylori inf.

0.000

3.028

15.713

Age

0.007

1.013

1.088

ABO (A)

0.049

ABO(B)

0.857

0.291

4.408

ABO(O)

0.949

0.448

2.123

ABO(AB)

0.010

1.400

11.705

Inflammation overall (grade 1-3) of the antrum

181

442

H, K-ATPase ab

0.019

1.003

1.038

H. pylori inf.

0.000

241.34

2331.7

Inflammation grade 2-3 of
the antrum

114

442

H. pylori inf.

0.000

55.397

509.42

Alcohol cons. (weekly)

0.016

1.247

8.277

IL1B-31 (CC)

0.026

IL1B-31 (TC)

0.011

0.094

0.733

IL1B-31 (TT)

0.140

0.169

1.285

**Table 4.** Result From Binary Logistic Regression for Peptic Ulcer
Dependent variable	No. of positive cases	No. of included cases^*	Variables in the equation	P-value^b	95% CI for OR
^*In some cases data were not available for all variables; ^aHosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used as indicator of the validity of the equation at the last step of iterations; ^bThe significance level was set to P < 0.050.
Ulcer overall	38	442	H. pylori inf.	0.000	4.576	28.052
BMI	0.003	0.725	0.938
H, K-ATPase ab	0.013	1.005	1.042
Duodenal ulcer	18	442	H. pylori inf.	0.005	1.678	18.377
Gender	0.031	0.077	0.885
BMI	0.012	0.663	0.950
Smoker	0.019	1.246	11.636
ABO (A)	0.014
ABO (B)	0.826	0.061	9.362
ABO (O)	0.416	0.477	6.017
ABO (AB)	0.002	2.284	46.953

Table 4. Result From Binary Logistic Regression for Peptic Ulcer

Dependent variable

No. of positive cases

No. of included cases^*

Variables in the equation

P-value^b

95% CI for OR

Lower

Upper

^*In some cases data were not available for all variables; ^aHosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used as indicator of the validity of the equation at the last step of iterations; ^bThe significance level was set to P < 0.050.

Ulcer overall

442

H. pylori inf.

0.000

4.576

28.052

BMI

0.003

0.725

0.938

H, K-ATPase ab

0.013

1.005

1.042

Duodenal ulcer

442

H. pylori inf.

0.005

1.678

18.377

Gender

0.031

0.077

0.885

BMI

0.012

0.663

0.950

Smoker

0.019

1.246

11.636

ABO (A)

0.014

ABO (B)

0.826

0.061

9.362

ABO (O)

0.416

0.477

6.017

ABO (AB)

0.002

2.284

46.953

**Table 5.** Result From Binary Logistic Regression Analysis With Atrophy of the Corpus Mucosa as Dependent Variable
Dependent variable	No. of positive cases	No. of included cases	Variables in the equation	P-value^b	95% CI for OR
Atrophy overall (grade 1-3) of the corpus^c	41	442	H, K-ATPase ab	0.000	1.016	1.042
H. pylori inf.	0.001	1.772	8.520
Age	0.004	1.018	1.101
DRB1*01	0.027	0.050	0.837
Moderate to severe atrophy of the corpus^d	17	442	H, K-ATPase ab	0.001	1.010	1.038
Age	0.000	1.099	1.323

Table 5. Result From Binary Logistic Regression Analysis With Atrophy of the Corpus Mucosa as Dependent Variable

Dependent variable

No. of positive cases

No. of included cases

Variables in the equation

P-value^b

95% CI for OR

Lower

Upper

Atrophy overall (grade 1-3) of the corpus^c

442

H, K-ATPase ab

0.000

1.016

1.042

H. pylori inf.

0.001

1.772

8.520

Age

0.004

1.018

1.101

DRB1*01

0.027

0.050

0.837

Moderate to severe atrophy of the corpus^d

442

H, K-ATPase ab

0.001

1.010

1.038

Age

0.000

1.099

1.323

**Table 6.** Result From GLM Analysis Using the Ratio Pepsinogen I/Pepsinogen II (PGI/PGII) as Surrogate Marker for Atrophy of the Corpus Mucosa
Dependent variable	Variables in the equation	Coef.	SE Coef.	T	P-value^a	95% CI
^aThe significance level was set to P < 0.050.
PGI/PGII	H, K-ATPase ab	-0.047523	0.008793	-5.40	0.000	-0.06480	-0.03024
H. pylori inf.	-3.5956	0.3385	-10.62	0.000	-4.26080	-2.93031
Age	-0.03434	0.01545	-2.22	0.027	-0.06470	-0.00397

Table 6. Result From GLM Analysis Using the Ratio Pepsinogen I/Pepsinogen II (PGI/PGII) as Surrogate Marker for Atrophy of the Corpus Mucosa

Dependent variable

Variables in the equation

Coef.

SE Coef.

P-value^a

95% CI

Lower

Upper

^aThe significance level was set to P < 0.050.

PGI/PGII

H, K-ATPase ab

-0.047523

0.008793

-5.40

0.000

-0.06480

-0.03024

H. pylori inf.

-3.5956

0.3385

-10.62

0.000

-4.26080

-2.93031

Age

-0.03434

0.01545

-2.22

0.027

-0.06470

-0.00397

**Table 7.** Result From Binary Logistic Regression Analysis With Intestinal Metaplasia in the Corpus or Antrum Mucosa as Dependent Variable
Dependent variable	No. of positive cases	No. of included cases	Variables in the equation	P-value^b	95% CI for OR
^aHosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used as indicator of the validity of the equation at the last step of iterations; ^bThe significance level was set to P < 0.050.
IM in corpus, grade 1-3	22	442	H, K-ATPase ab	0.001	1.018	1.042
Age	0.000	1.070	1.220
IM in corpus, grade 2-3	5	442	Excluded due to sign HL test
IM in antrum, grade 1-3	89	442	H. pylori inf.	0.000	9.675	38.480
BMI	0.001	0.758	0.927
Age	0.031	1.003	1.061
DRB1*04	0.011	0.234	0.831
DRB1*08	0.041	0.013	0.915
IL1RN (22)	0.013
IL1RN (L2)	0.006	1.570	15.878
IL1RN (LL)	0.084	0.876	8.172
IM in antrum, grade 2-3	11	442	Age	0.007	1.027	1.188
Smoking	0.030	1.155	17.446

Table 7. Result From Binary Logistic Regression Analysis With Intestinal Metaplasia in the Corpus or Antrum Mucosa as Dependent Variable

Dependent variable

No. of positive cases

No. of included cases

Variables in the equation

P-value^b

95% CI for OR

Lower

Upper

^aHosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used as indicator of the validity of the equation at the last step of iterations; ^bThe significance level was set to P < 0.050.

IM in corpus, grade 1-3

442

H, K-ATPase ab

0.001

1.018

1.042

Age

0.000

1.070

1.220

IM in corpus, grade 2-3

442

Excluded due to sign HL test

IM in antrum, grade 1-3

442

H. pylori inf.

0.000

9.675

38.480

BMI

0.001

0.758

0.927

Age

0.031

1.003

1.061

DRB1*04

0.011

0.234

0.831

DRB1*08

0.041

0.013

0.915

IL1RN (22)

0.013

IL1RN (L2)

0.006

1.570

15.878

IL1RN (LL)

0.084

0.876

8.172

IM in antrum, grade 2-3

442

Age

0.007

1.027

1.188

Smoking

0.030

1.155

17.446