Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 4, August 2012, pages 156-161

The Prevalence of the Celiac Disease Among Urban Bedouin Population in Israel

**Table 1.** Distribution by Age* and Gender
	Male	Female
*Child: age of diagnosis, up to 15 years; Adult: age of diagnosis, above 15 years.
Children*	51.32%	N-5431	48.68%	N-5151
Adults*	47.47%	N-6001	52.53%	N-6618

Table 1. Distribution by Age* and Gender

Male

Female

*Child: age of diagnosis, up to 15 years; Adult: age of diagnosis, above 15 years.

Children*

51.32%

N-5431

48.68%

N-5151

Adults*

47.47%

N-6001

52.53%

N-6618

**Table 2.** Prevalence According to Age of Diagnosis and Gender
	Male	Female	Total
Childhood Celiac Disease*	N = 22	40.74%	N = 32	59.26%	0.51%
Adult Celiac Disease	N = 3	20%	N = 12	80%	0.12%

Table 2. Prevalence According to Age of Diagnosis and Gender

Male

Female

Total

Childhood Celiac Disease*

N = 22

40.74%

N = 32

59.26%

0.51%

Adult Celiac Disease

N = 3

20%

N = 12

80%

0.12%

**Table 3.** Reasons for Investigation/Diagnosis
	Childhood celiac (N = 54)	Adult celiac (N = 15)	P Value
Anemia	27	(50)	7	(47)	1.000
Abdominal pain	11	(20)	0	(0)	0.105
Diarrhea	8	(15)	0	(0)	0.186
Family history	5	(9)	0	(0)	0.346
FTT	9	(17)
Short stature	4	(7)
Type I DM	1	(2)	0	(0)	1.000
Osteoporosis			1	(7)
Elevated liver enzymes			1	(7)
Others			6	(40)

Table 3. Reasons for Investigation/Diagnosis

Childhood celiac (N = 54)

Adult celiac (N = 15)

P Value

(%)

Anemia

(50)

(47)

1.000

Abdominal pain

(20)

(0)

0.105

Diarrhea

(15)

(0)

0.186

Family history

(9)

(0)

0.346

FTT

(17)

Short stature

(7)

Type I DM

(2)

(0)

1.000

Osteoporosis

(7)

Elevated liver enzymes

(7)

Others

(40)

**Table 4.** Serologic Tests
	Childhood celiac (N = 54)	Adult celiac (N = 15)	P Value
EMA-IgA: Anti-Endomysial Antibody IgA; TTG-IgA: Tissue Transglutaminase IgA Antibody.
EMA-IgA	Strongly positive	27	(61)	4	(31)	0.001
	Positive	15	(34)	3	(23)
	Weakly positive	2	(5)	6	(46)
TTG-IgA	Strongly positive	2	(20)	2	(33)	0.182
	Positive	7	(70)	1	(17)
	Weakly positive	1	(10)	3	(50)
Any serology	Strongly positive	27	(60)	4	(31)	0.001
	Positive	16	(36)	3	(23)
	Weakly positive	2	(4)	6	(46)

Table 4. Serologic Tests

Childhood celiac (N = 54)

Adult celiac (N = 15)

P Value

(%)

EMA-IgA: Anti-Endomysial Antibody IgA; TTG-IgA: Tissue Transglutaminase IgA Antibody.

EMA-IgA

Strongly positive

(61)

(31)

0.001

Positive

(34)

(23)

Weakly positive

(5)

(46)

TTG-IgA

Strongly positive

(20)

(33)

0.182

Positive

(70)

(17)

Weakly positive

(10)

(50)

Any serology

Strongly positive

(60)

(31)

0.001

Positive

(36)

(23)

Weakly positive

(4)

(46)

**Table 5.** Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Associated Autoimmune Conditions and Other Groups Where Case-Finding Should be Consider
Associated conditions	Prevalence of celiac disease (%)
(British Medical Bulletin Advance Access originally published online on December 10, 2008 ); British Medical Bulletin 2008 88 (1):157-170; doi:10.1093/bmb/ldn044.
Dermatitis herpetiformis	∼70
Type 1 diabetic patients	2 - 8
Thyroid disease	2 - 6
Addison's disease	1 - 12
Alopecia areata	1 - 2
Primary biliary cirrhosis	2 - 7
Autoimmune hepatitis	3 - 5
Idiopathic ataxia	1 - 7
Subfertility	4 - 8
Downs' syndrome	4 - 17
Iron-deficiency anaemia	3 - 7
Irritable bowel symptomatology	0 - 11
Peripheral neuropathy	Up to 23

Table 5. Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Associated Autoimmune Conditions and Other Groups Where Case-Finding Should be Consider

Associated conditions

Prevalence of celiac disease (%)

(British Medical Bulletin Advance Access originally published online on December 10, 2008 ); British Medical Bulletin 2008 88 (1):157-170; doi:10.1093/bmb/ldn044.

Dermatitis herpetiformis

∼70

Type 1 diabetic patients

2 - 8

Thyroid disease

2 - 6

Addison's disease

1 - 12

Alopecia areata

1 - 2

Primary biliary cirrhosis

2 - 7

Autoimmune hepatitis

3 - 5

Idiopathic ataxia

1 - 7

Subfertility

4 - 8

Downs' syndrome

4 - 17

Iron-deficiency anaemia

3 - 7

Irritable bowel symptomatology

0 - 11

Peripheral neuropathy

Up to 23

**Table 6.** Background Diseases
	Childhood celiac (N = 54)	Adult celiac (N = 15)	P Value
DM: Diabetes Mellitus; IBS: Irritable bowel symptoms; FTT: Failure to Thrive.
Dermatitis herpetiformis	0	(0)	0	(0)	1.000
Type I DM	1	(2)	0	(0)	1.000
Thyroid disease	1	(2)	1	(7)	0.390
Addison's disease	0	(0)	0	(0)	1.000
Alopecia areata	0	(0)	0	(0)	1.000
Primary biliary cirrhosis	0	(0)	0	(0)	1.000
Autoimmune hepatitis	0	(0)	0	(0)	1.000
Idiopathic ataxia	0	(0)	1	(7)	0.217
Subfertility	0	(0)	0	(0)	1.000
Down's syndrome	0	(0)	0	(0)	1.000
Iron deficiency anemia	33	(61)	8	(53)	0.767
IBS	20	(37)	0	(0)	0.008
Peripheral neuropathy	0	(0)	0	(0)	1.000
FTT	14	(31)
Short stature	7	(16)

Table 6. Background Diseases

Childhood celiac (N = 54)

Adult celiac (N = 15)

P Value

(%)

DM: Diabetes Mellitus; IBS: Irritable bowel symptoms; FTT: Failure to Thrive.

Dermatitis herpetiformis

(0)

1.000

Type I DM

(2)

(0)

1.000

Thyroid disease

(2)

(7)

0.390

Addison's disease

(0)

1.000

Alopecia areata

(0)

1.000

Primary biliary cirrhosis

(0)

1.000

Autoimmune hepatitis

(0)

1.000

Idiopathic ataxia

(0)

(7)

0.217

Subfertility

(0)

1.000

Down's syndrome

(0)

1.000

Iron deficiency anemia

(61)

(53)

0.767

IBS

(37)

(0)

0.008

Peripheral neuropathy

(0)

1.000

FTT

(31)

Short stature

(16)

**Table 7.** Other Relevant Parameters at the Time of Diagnosis
	Childhood celiac (N = 54)	Adult celiac (N = 15)	P Value
ELFT1: Elevated Liver Functional Test; ALT: Alanin Aminotransferase; ELFT2: Elevated Liver Functional Test; AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase.
Age of Diagnosis	12	(4)	35	(9)	< 0.001
Female Gender	32	(59)	12	(80)	0.225
BMI	16.3	(3.0)	22.6	(4.5)	< 0.001
Hb	10.7	(1.8)	11.2	(1.9)	0.361
Iron	31	(24)	34	(28)	0.746
ELFT1/ALT	39	(27)	31	(14)	0.261
ELFT2/AST	24	(16)	28	(21)	0.500

Table 7. Other Relevant Parameters at the Time of Diagnosis

Childhood celiac (N = 54)

Adult celiac (N = 15)

P Value

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

ELFT1: Elevated Liver Functional Test; ALT: Alanin Aminotransferase; ELFT2: Elevated Liver Functional Test; AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase.

Age of Diagnosis

(4)

(9)

< 0.001

Female Gender

(59)

(80)

0.225

BMI

16.3

(3.0)

22.6

(4.5)

< 0.001

10.7

(1.8)

11.2

(1.9)

0.361

Iron

(24)

(28)

0.746

ELFT1/ALT

(27)

(14)

0.261

ELFT2/AST

(16)

(21)

0.500