Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 3, June 2024, pages 126-132

Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Laparoscopy Plus Choledochoscopy Combined With Holmium Laser Lithotripsy for Choledocholithiasis and Hepatolithiasis

Figures

Figure 1. Analysis of bile biochemical index levels among groups. TBA (a) and TBIL (b) levels in patients before and 1-week post-surgery. ****P < 0.0001, ns: not significant. TBA: total bile acid; TBIL: total bilirubin.

Figure 2. Analysis of liver function indicators between groups. Levels of ALT (a), AST (b), ALP (c), GGT (d) in patients from the control and experimental group before and after surgery. ****P < 0.0001, ns: not significant. ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; GGT: glutamyl transpeptidase.

Figure 3. Analysis of inflammatory index levels between groups. Levels of CRP (a), IL-6 (b), and TNF-α (c) in patients from the control and experimental group before and 3 days after surgery. ****P < 0.0001, ns: not significant. CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.

Figure 4. Analysis of stress response index levels between groups. Levels of Cor (a), NEUT (b), and EP (c) in patients from the control and experimental group before and 3 days after surgery. ****P < 0.0001, ns: not significant. Cor: cortisol; EP: epinephrine; NEUT: neutrophil count.

Tables

**Table 1.** Clinical Characteristics of Patients
	Control group (n = 38)	Experimental group (n = 38)	P
Gender			0.818
Male (n)	21	20
Female (n)	17	18
Age (years, mean ± SD)	48.95 ± 3.37	48.71 ± 3.40	0.758
Disease duration (months)	10.68 ± 1.19	10.84 ± 1.22	0.798
Localization			0.554
Intrahepatic stones (n)	30	32
Extrahepatic stones (n)	8	6

**Table 2.** Analysis of Surgery-Related Indicators and Stone Clearance Rate
	Control group (n = 38)	Experimental group (n = 38)	P
Stone extraction time (min)	5.95 ± 0.23	4.05 ± 0.23	0.001
Bleeding volume (mL)	70.34 ± 6.27	44.84 ± 3.38	0.001
Length of stay (day)	9.16 ± 0.68	6.95 ± 0.46	0.001
Stone clearance rate, n (%)	26 (68.42)	35 (92.11)	0.009

**Table 3.** Analysis of Treatment-Related Complications
	Control group (n = 38)	Experimental group (n = 38)	P
Biliary fistula	1	0
Incision infection	2	0
Fever	3	1
Biliary hemorrhage	1	0
Total	18.42	2.63	0.025

**Table 4.** Analysis of Pain Score
	Control group (n = 38)	Experimental group (n = 38)	P
Immediately after surgery	6.21 ± 0.47	6.08 ± 0.36	0.512
2 weeks after surgery	4.97 ± 0.16	4.05 ± 0.23	0.001
4 weeks after surgery	3.89 ± 0.39	3.03 ± 0.37	0.001
3 months after surgery	2.84 ± 0.44	2.05 ± 0.40	0.001