Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 1, February 2024, pages 23-31

Clinicopathological Aspects and Inflammation-Immune Markers in Alcohol and/or Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated With Sorafenib

Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival of 182 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib obtained from data of Cox’s multivariate analysis. Overall survival of the entire cohort (a), and of patients stratified by Child-Pugh classification (b), and alpha-fetoprotein level (c).

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of the 182 Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Variable	Median (min. - max.) or number (%)
SII: systemic inflammatory index; SIRI: systemic inflammation response index.
Age (years)	60 (31 - 86)
Gender
Male	148 (81.3)
Female	34 (18.7)
Alcoholism
Yes	86 (47.2)
Ex-drinker	22 (12.1)
No	74 (40.7)
Smoking
Yes	74 (40.7)
Ex-smoker	17 (9.3)
No	91 (50.0)
Obesity
Yes	33 (18.1)
No	149 (81.9)
Neutrophil/µL	3,120.0 (1,020.0 - 13,540.0)
Lymphocyte/µL	1,370.0 (320.0 - 4,980.0)
Monocyte/µL	500.0 (50.0 - 1,720.0)
Platelet/µL	126,000.0 (38,000.0 - 666,000.0)
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio	2.17 (0.5 - 14.4)
Platelet/lymphocyte ratio	98,705.6 (26,108.0 - 1,016,667.0)
Lymphocyte/monocyte ratio	2.80 (0.4 - 12.0)
SIRI	1.07 (0.09 - 12.89)
SII	307,786.3 (39,424.0 - 4,575,000.0)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Yes	60 (33.0)
No	122 (67.0)
Alpha-fetoprotein (ng/mL)	157 (1.6 - 300,000.00)
Hepatitis B
Yes	13 (7.1)
No	169 (92.9)
Hepatitis C
Yes	107 (58.8)
No	75 (41.2)
Child-Pugh score
A	151 (83.0)
B	27 (14.8)
C	2 (1.2)
Grade 3 toxicity
Yes	35 (19.2)
No	147 (80.8)

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the 182 Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Variable

Median (min. - max.) or number (%)

SII: systemic inflammatory index; SIRI: systemic inflammation response index.

Age (years)

60 (31 - 86)

Gender

Male

148 (81.3)

Female

34 (18.7)

Alcoholism

Yes

86 (47.2)

Ex-drinker

22 (12.1)

74 (40.7)

Smoking

Yes

74 (40.7)

Ex-smoker

17 (9.3)

91 (50.0)

Obesity

Yes

33 (18.1)

149 (81.9)

Neutrophil/µL

3,120.0 (1,020.0 - 13,540.0)

Lymphocyte/µL

1,370.0 (320.0 - 4,980.0)

Monocyte/µL

500.0 (50.0 - 1,720.0)

Platelet/µL

126,000.0 (38,000.0 - 666,000.0)

Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio

2.17 (0.5 - 14.4)

Platelet/lymphocyte ratio

98,705.6 (26,108.0 - 1,016,667.0)

Lymphocyte/monocyte ratio

2.80 (0.4 - 12.0)

SIRI

1.07 (0.09 - 12.89)

SII

307,786.3 (39,424.0 - 4,575,000.0)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Yes

60 (33.0)

122 (67.0)

Alpha-fetoprotein (ng/mL)

157 (1.6 - 300,000.00)

Hepatitis B

Yes

13 (7.1)

169 (92.9)

Hepatitis C

Yes

107 (58.8)

75 (41.2)

Child-Pugh score

151 (83.0)

27 (14.8)

2 (1.2)

Grade 3 toxicity

Yes

35 (19.2)

147 (80.8)

**Table 2.** Association of Clinical and Pathological Aspects With Overall Survival of 182 Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Variable	Total N/N event	Overall survival
Bootstrapping analysis: ^aP = 0.02 and ^bP = 0.002. ^cThe number of individuals is different from the total number of the study (n = 182) because it was not possible to obtain consistent information about the variable in some patients. *P ≤ 0.05. AFP: alpha-foetoprotein; CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; LMR: lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; NA: variable not included in Cox’s multivariate analysis; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: systemic inflammatory index; SIRI: systemic inflammation response index.
Age (years)
≤ 60	94/91	Reference	0.63	NA	NA
> 60	88/86	1.07 (0.80 - 1.44)
Gender
Female	34/32	Reference	0.16	NA	NA
Male	148/45	1.31 (0.89 - 1.92)
Alcoholism
No	74/76	Reference	0.20	NA	NA
Yes or ex	108/106	1.21 (0.89 - 1.64)
Smoking
No	91/87	Reference	0.08	Reference	0.24
Yes or ex	91/90	1.30 (0.96 - 1.75)		1.20 (0.87 - 1.64)
Obesity
No	149/144	Reference	0.52	NA	NA
Yes	33/33	1.13 (0.77 - 1.65)
NLR^c
≤ 2.2	92/92	Reference	0.78	NA	NA
> 2.2	88/83	1.04 (0.77 - 1.40)
PLR^c
≤ 98,705	86/84	Reference	0.53	NA	NA
> 98,705	86/84	1.10 (0.81 - 1.49)
LMR^c
≤ 2.8	86/84	Reference	0.31	NA	NA
> 2.8	87/85	1.17 (0.86 - 1.58)
SIRI^c
≤ 1.07	86/85	Reference	0.72	NA	NA
> 1.07	87/84	1.05 (0.77 - 1.43)
SII^c
≤ 307,786.3	86/84	Reference	0.90	NA	NA
> 307,786.3	86/84	1.02 (0.75 - 1.38)
Type 2 diabetes
No	122/117	Reference	0.02*	Reference	0.17
Yes	60/60	1.42 (1.03 - 1.94)		1.26 (0.89 - 1.78)
AFP (ng/mL)^c
≤ 157.0	86/82	Reference	0.04*	Reference	0.03*^a
> 157.0	85/84	1.34 (1.00 - 1.82)		1.40 (1.03 - 1.91)
Hepatitis B
Negative	169/164	Reference	0.73	NA	NA
Positive	13/13	1.10 (0.62 - 1.94)
Hepatitis C
Negative	75/73	Reference	0.64	NA	NA
Positive	107/104	1.07 (0.79 - 1.44)
Child-Pugh score
A	151/146	Reference	0.009*	Reference	0.02*^b
B or C	29/29	1.72 (1.14 - 2.59)		1.64 (1.07 - 2.52)
Grade 3 toxicity
Yes	147/144	Reference	0.06	Reference	0.07
No	35/33	1.45 (0.99 - 2.13)		1.44 (0.96 - 2.15)

Table 2. Association of Clinical and Pathological Aspects With Overall Survival of 182 Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Variable

Total N/N event

Overall survival

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

Bootstrapping analysis: ^aP = 0.02 and ^bP = 0.002. ^cThe number of individuals is different from the total number of the study (n = 182) because it was not possible to obtain consistent information about the variable in some patients. *P ≤ 0.05. AFP: alpha-foetoprotein; CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; LMR: lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; NA: variable not included in Cox’s multivariate analysis; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: systemic inflammatory index; SIRI: systemic inflammation response index.

Age (years)

≤ 60

94/91

Reference

0.63

> 60

88/86

1.07 (0.80 - 1.44)

Gender

Female

34/32

Reference

0.16

Male

148/45

1.31 (0.89 - 1.92)

Alcoholism

74/76

Reference

0.20

Yes or ex

108/106

1.21 (0.89 - 1.64)

Smoking

91/87

Reference

0.08

Reference

0.24

Yes or ex

91/90

1.30 (0.96 - 1.75)

1.20 (0.87 - 1.64)

Obesity

149/144

Reference

0.52

Yes

33/33

1.13 (0.77 - 1.65)

NLR^c

≤ 2.2

92/92

Reference

0.78

> 2.2

88/83

1.04 (0.77 - 1.40)

PLR^c

≤ 98,705

86/84

Reference

0.53

> 98,705

86/84

1.10 (0.81 - 1.49)

LMR^c

≤ 2.8

86/84

Reference

0.31

> 2.8

87/85

1.17 (0.86 - 1.58)

SIRI^c

≤ 1.07

86/85

Reference

0.72

> 1.07

87/84

1.05 (0.77 - 1.43)

SII^c

≤ 307,786.3

86/84

Reference

0.90

> 307,786.3

86/84

1.02 (0.75 - 1.38)

Type 2 diabetes

122/117

Reference

0.02*

Reference

0.17

Yes

60/60

1.42 (1.03 - 1.94)

1.26 (0.89 - 1.78)

AFP (ng/mL)^c

≤ 157.0

86/82

Reference

0.04*

Reference

0.03*^a

> 157.0

85/84

1.34 (1.00 - 1.82)

1.40 (1.03 - 1.91)

Hepatitis B

Negative

169/164

Reference

0.73

Positive

13/13

1.10 (0.62 - 1.94)

Hepatitis C

Negative

75/73

Reference

0.64

Positive

107/104

1.07 (0.79 - 1.44)

Child-Pugh score

151/146

Reference

0.009*

Reference

0.02*^b

B or C

29/29

1.72 (1.14 - 2.59)

1.64 (1.07 - 2.52)

Grade 3 toxicity

Yes

147/144

Reference

0.06

Reference

0.07

35/33

1.45 (0.99 - 2.13)

1.44 (0.96 - 2.15)