Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.gastrores.org

Review

Volume 16, Number 3, June 2023, pages 127-140

Intestinal Parasitic Infections in 2023

**Table 1.** Names of Protozoa and Helminths
Protozoa	Helminths
Giardia duodenalis	Enterobius vermicularis
Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis	Ascaris lumbricoides
Blastocystis spp.	Trichuris trichiura
Cyclospora cayetanensis	Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
Cystoisospora belli
Entamoeba histolytica

Table 1. Names of Protozoa and Helminths

Protozoa

Helminths

Giardia duodenalis

Enterobius vermicularis

Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis

Ascaris lumbricoides

Blastocystis spp.

Trichuris trichiura

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus

Cystoisospora belli

Entamoeba histolytica

**Table 2.** Treatment Modalities of IPIs
Intestinal parasites	Treatment
IPIs: intestinal parasitic infections; SMX: sulfamethoxazole; TMP: trimethoprim.
Giardiasis	Metronidazole orally 500 - 750 mg/day for 5 - 10 days, or tinidazole orally 1 - 2 g single dose.
Cryptosporidiosis	Nitazoxanide orally 500 mg twice daily for 3 days if no improvement of diarrhea.
Blastocystosis	Metronidazole orally 250 - 750 mg thrice daily or 1,500 mg once daily for 10 days, or TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg twice daily for 7 days or TMP 320 mg/SMX 1,600 mg once daily for 7 days.
Cyclosporiasis	TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg orally twice daily for 7 - 10 days.
Cystoisosporiasis	TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg orally twice daily for 7 - 10 days. TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg orally twice daily for 7 - 10 days.
Amebiasis	Amebic colitis or extra-intestinal amebiasis: metronidazole 500 - 750 mg thrice daily for 5 - 10 days or tinidazole 2 g daily for 3 days followed by a course of luminal amebicide - diloxanide furoate 500 mg thrice daily for 10 days or paromomycin 500 mg orally thrice daily for 5 - 10 days or diiodohydroxyquin 650 mg orally thrice daily for 21 days.
Enterobiasis	Albendazole 400 mg orally as a single dose; repeat in 2 weeks or mebendazole 100 mg orally as a single dose; repeat in 2 weeks, pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg of body weight, not to exceed 1 g, as a single dose; repeat in 2 weeks.
Ascariasis	Albendazole 400 mg orally as a single dose or mebendazole 100 mg orally twice a day for consecutive 3 days.
Trichuriasis	Mebendazole 100 mg orally twice a day for consecutive 3 days or albendazole 400 mg orally daily for consecutive 3 days or ivermectin 200 µg/kg/day orally for consecutive 3 days.
Ancylostomiasis	Albendazole 400 mg orally as a single dose or mebendazole 100 mg orally twice a day for consecutive 3 days or pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 1 g) orally daily for consecutive 3 days.

Table 2. Treatment Modalities of IPIs

Intestinal parasites

Treatment

IPIs: intestinal parasitic infections; SMX: sulfamethoxazole; TMP: trimethoprim.

Giardiasis

Metronidazole orally 500 - 750 mg/day for 5 - 10 days, or tinidazole orally 1 - 2 g single dose.

Cryptosporidiosis

Nitazoxanide orally 500 mg twice daily for 3 days if no improvement of diarrhea.

Blastocystosis

Metronidazole orally 250 - 750 mg thrice daily or 1,500 mg once daily for 10 days, or TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg twice daily for 7 days or TMP 320 mg/SMX 1,600 mg once daily for 7 days.

Cyclosporiasis

TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg orally twice daily for 7 - 10 days.

Cystoisosporiasis

TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg orally twice daily for 7 - 10 days. TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg orally twice daily for 7 - 10 days.

Amebiasis

Amebic colitis or extra-intestinal amebiasis: metronidazole 500 - 750 mg thrice daily for 5 - 10 days or tinidazole 2 g daily for 3 days followed by a course of luminal amebicide - diloxanide furoate 500 mg thrice daily for 10 days or paromomycin 500 mg orally thrice daily for 5 - 10 days or diiodohydroxyquin 650 mg orally thrice daily for 21 days.

Enterobiasis

Albendazole 400 mg orally as a single dose; repeat in 2 weeks or mebendazole 100 mg orally as a single dose; repeat in 2 weeks, pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg of body weight, not to exceed 1 g, as a single dose; repeat in 2 weeks.

Ascariasis

Albendazole 400 mg orally as a single dose or mebendazole 100 mg orally twice a day for consecutive 3 days.

Trichuriasis

Mebendazole 100 mg orally twice a day for consecutive 3 days or albendazole 400 mg orally daily for consecutive 3 days or ivermectin 200 µg/kg/day orally for consecutive 3 days.

Ancylostomiasis

Albendazole 400 mg orally as a single dose or mebendazole 100 mg orally twice a day for consecutive 3 days or pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 1 g) orally daily for consecutive 3 days.