Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 5, October 2022, pages 225-231

The Supportive Role of Provocative Maneuvers and Impedance Clearance in Detecting Ineffective Esophageal Motility

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. (a) Normal contraction and complete impedance clearance on wet swallow. (b) Weak peristaltic contractions with incomplete impedance clearance on wet swallow.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. (a) Normal contraction on MRS swallow. (b) IEM features from MRS swallow. (c) Normal contraction and complete impedance clearance on AVS swallow. (d) IEM features and incomplete impedance clearance from a failed AVS swallow. IEM: ineffective esophageal motility; MRS: multiple rapid swallows; AVS: apple viscous swallows.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Percentage of patients with overlap of IEM features and incomplete bolus clearance based on their motility status. IEM: ineffective esophageal motility.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Agreement rates between IEM features and impedance clearance for conclusive IEM, inconclusive IEM, and normal motility patients. IEM: ineffective esophageal motility.

Tables

Table 1. Demographic Breakdown by Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index (n = 70)
 
Number of patientsPercentage
Age
  19 - 34612.8%
  35 - 644862.8%
  65 - 841624.4%
Gender
  Female4667.0%
  Male2433.0%
Body mass index (n = 83)
  Below 18.511.2%
  18.5 - 24.91930.0%
  25.0 - 29.93241.0%
  30.0 - 34.91320.5%
  35.0 - 39.911.2%
  Above 4046.0%

 

Table 2. Breakdown of Patients by Motility Diagnosis for IEM Features and Incomplete Bolus Clearance Detected on Each Swallow Test
 
Patient groupNumber of total patients in groupIEM features on only AVSIEM features on only MRSIEM features on AVS and MRSIEM features on AVS and/or MRSIncomplete impedance clearance on only WSIncomplete impedance clearance on only AVSIncomplete impedance clearance on WS and AVSIncomplete impedance clearance on WS and/or AVS
IEM: ineffective esophageal motility.
Confirmed IEM1060395038
Inconclusive IEM933064105
Normal motility324941793315

 

Table 3. Breakdown of Patients With Overlapped Results of IEM Features and Bolus Clearance
 
Patient groupIncomplete impedance clearance with IEM featuresComplete impedance clearance with IEM featuresIncomplete impedance clearance with no IEM features
IEM: ineffective esophageal motility.
Confirmed IEM7 (70%)2 (20%)1 (10%)
Inconclusive IEM3 (33%)3 (33%)2 (22%)
Normal motility3 (9%)14 (44%)12 (38%)