Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 3, June 2022, pages 127-135


Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Less Severe Bleeding in More Frail and Older Patients, Comparison Between Two Time Periods Fifteen Years Apart

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Causes of bleeding (%) during period 2019 - 2020.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Causes of bleeding (%) in comparison between the two time periods (*P < 0.05).
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Active bleeding or stigmata of recent bleeding in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding (%) in comparison with the two time periods.

Tables

Table 1. Characteristics of Patients With AUGIB
 
2004 - 2005 (N = 434)2019 - 2020 (N = 401)P
N/mean ± SD%N/mean ± SD%
AUGIB: acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; SD: standard deviation; INR: international normalized ratio; BP: blood pressure; PR: pulse rate.
Male sex32274.227969.60.137
Age (mean ± SD)66.19 ± 16.0469.48 ± 15.370.003
Inpatient onset of bleeding184.1338.20.0001
Hb on admission10.24 ± 2.749.35 ± 2.320.001
Urea on admission82.83 ± 53.7786.32 ± 65.820.419
INR1.27 - 2.031.49 - 1.890.155
BP on admission (mean ± SD)122.41 ± 22.92114.46 ± 16.980.001
PR on admission (mean ± SD)86.76 ± 17.4685.78 ± 13.830.562
Patients with comorbidity (%)31672.833583.50.03
Cardiovascular diseases22852.525062.30.004
Carlson Comorbidity Index3.4 ± 2.35.6 ± 6.40.01
Anticoagulants276.27418.50.0001
Aspirin ± clopidogrel16036.913633.9ns

 

Table 2. Causes of AUGIB
 
2004 - 2005 (N = 434)2019 - 2020 (N = 401)P
N%N%
AUGIB: acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Peptic ulcer24756.915438.40.0001
Variceal bleeding327.45313.20.043
Polyps/tumors358.1297.30.651
Gastroduodenal erosions439.9246.00.03
Esophagitis122.8164.00.325
Agiodysplasia Dielaphoy’s133.0348.50.0004
Mallory-Weiss tear184.1205.00.560
Gastric antral vascular ectasia20.520.5ns
Portal gastropathy30.740.1ns
Cameron erossions20.520.5ns
Post sphincterotomy bleeding61.461.5ns
Hemobilia10.210.2ns
Post polypectomy bleeding10.220.5ns
Impossible20.520.5ns
Aortoenteric fistula20.500.0ns
Rinoragia00.010.2ns
Negative endoscopy153.55112.70.011

 

Table 3. Stigmata of Recent Bleeding in Peptic Ulcer Bleeding Patients
 
2004 - 2005 (N = 247)2019 - 2020 (N = 154)P
N%N%
Active bleeding3514.2117.10.03
  Ia161
  Ib1910
IIa5421.73623.40.82
IIb3313.4149.10.20
IIc2911.717110.83
III9638.97649.40.04
Ia, Ib, IIa, IIc12249.46139.60.055
IIc, III12550.69360.40.055

 

Table 4. Clinical Outcome of Patients With AUGIB
 
2004 - 2005 (N = 434)2019 - 2020 (N = 401)P
N/mean ± SD%N/mean ± SD%
AUGIB: acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; SD: standard deviation.
Rebleeding347.8174.20.03
Blood transfusion (units)2.10 ± 2.261.86 ± 2.300.382
Emergency surgical hemostasis133.0112.70.832
Hospitalization (days)6.90 ± 5.007.50 ± 4.660.210
Death (%)276.2205.00.420