Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 13, Number 6, December 2020, pages 253-259

Cirrhosis Is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Ischemic Colitis: A Nationwide Retrospective Study

**Table 1.** Baseline Demographic Characteristics
	IC + cirrhosis (N = 420)	IC with no cirrhosis (N = 28,615)	P value
IC: ischemic colitis; PI: Pacific Islander.
Age (years)	63.9	70.4	0.0001
Gender
Male	210 (50%)	7,469 (26.1%)	-
Female	210 (50%)	21,146 (73.9%)	0.0001
Race
White	283 (67.5%)	23,436 (81.9%)	0.0001
Black	46 (10.9%)	2,175 (7.6%)	0.013
Hispanic	76 (18%)	1,745 (6.1%)	0.0001
Asian/PI	0 (0%)	687 (2.4%)	0.002
Native American	5 (1.2%)	86 (0.3%)	0.005
Other	10 (2.4%)	486 (1.7%)	0.3778
Hospital region
Northeast	60 (14.2%)	6,066 (21.2%)	0.0007
Midwest	130 (31%)	7,383 (25.8%)	0.0194
South	155 (37%)	9,987 (34.9%)	0.4217
West	75 (17.8%)	5,179 (18.1%)	0.949
Hospital bed size
Small	50 (11.9%)	6,066 (21.2%)	0.0001
Medium	160 (38.1%)	9,157 (32%)	0.0092
Large	210 (50%)	13,392 (46.8%)	0.2094
Insurance
Medicare	205 (48.8%)	20,317 (71%)	0.0001
Medicaid	95 (22.6%)	1,774 (6.2%)	0.0001
Private insurance	95 (22.6%)	5,580 (19.5%)	0.124
Self-pay	10 (2.4%)	458 (1.6%)	0.2866
No charge	0 (0%)	28 (0.1%)	0.5213
Other	15 (3.6%)	458 (1.6%)	0.0029

Table 1. Baseline Demographic Characteristics

IC + cirrhosis (N = 420)

IC with no cirrhosis (N = 28,615)

P value

IC: ischemic colitis; PI: Pacific Islander.

Age (years)

63.9

70.4

0.0001

Gender

Male

210 (50%)

7,469 (26.1%)

Female

210 (50%)

21,146 (73.9%)

0.0001

Race

White

283 (67.5%)

23,436 (81.9%)

0.0001

Black

46 (10.9%)

2,175 (7.6%)

0.013

Hispanic

76 (18%)

1,745 (6.1%)

0.0001

Asian/PI

0 (0%)

687 (2.4%)

0.002

Native American

5 (1.2%)

86 (0.3%)

0.005

Other

10 (2.4%)

486 (1.7%)

0.3778

Hospital region

Northeast

60 (14.2%)

6,066 (21.2%)

0.0007

Midwest

130 (31%)

7,383 (25.8%)

0.0194

South

155 (37%)

9,987 (34.9%)

0.4217

West

75 (17.8%)

5,179 (18.1%)

0.949

Hospital bed size

Small

50 (11.9%)

6,066 (21.2%)

0.0001

Medium

160 (38.1%)

9,157 (32%)

0.0092

Large

210 (50%)

13,392 (46.8%)

0.2094

Insurance

Medicare

205 (48.8%)

20,317 (71%)

0.0001

Medicaid

95 (22.6%)

1,774 (6.2%)

0.0001

Private insurance

95 (22.6%)

5,580 (19.5%)

0.124

Self-pay

10 (2.4%)

458 (1.6%)

0.2866

No charge

0 (0%)

28 (0.1%)

0.5213

Other

15 (3.6%)

458 (1.6%)

0.0029

**Table 2.** Hospital Outcomes
	IC + cirrhosis (N = 420)	IC with no cirrhosis (N = 28,615)	P value
IC: ischemic colitis; LOS: length of hospital stay; USD: United States Dollar; IC: ischemic colitis.
LOS (days)	7.3	4.8	0.0001
Total charge (USD)	$84,769	$48,347	0.0002
Died	45 (10.7%)	1,045 (3.6%)	0.0001
Colectomy	10 (2.3%)	1,465 (5.1%)	0.0153

Table 2. Hospital Outcomes

IC + cirrhosis (N = 420)

IC with no cirrhosis (N = 28,615)

P value

IC: ischemic colitis; LOS: length of hospital stay; USD: United States Dollar; IC: ischemic colitis.

LOS (days)

7.3

4.8

0.0001

Total charge (USD)

$84,769

$48,347

0.0002

Died

45 (10.7%)

1,045 (3.6%)

0.0001

Colectomy

10 (2.3%)

1,465 (5.1%)

0.0153

**Table 3.** Multivariate Analysis for In-Hospital Colectomy
	Odds ratio	95% CI	P value
A-fib: atrial fibrillation; CAD: coronary artery disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; CI: confidence interval; DM: diabetes mellitus; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; HTN: hypertension; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; PI: Pacific Islander.
Cirrhosis	0.31	0.07 - 1.27	0.104
A-fib	1.95	1.43 - 2.64	0.000
CAD	1.05	0.77 - 1.42	0.738
CHF	1.22	0.82 - 1.82	0.305
PVD	1.11	0.71 - 1.73	0.633
ESRD	1.50	0.93 - 2.42	0.095
HTN	0.84	0.63 - 1.11	0.224
DM	1.12	0.84 - 1.49	0.423
Age	0.98	0.97 - 0.99	0.005
Gender
Male (reference)	-	-	-
Female	0.56	0.43 - 0.72	0.000
Race
White (reference)	-	-	-
Black	1.68	1.11 - 2.53	0.013
Hispanic	1.09	0.66 - 1.78	0.726
Asian/PI	1.13	0.51 - 2.49	0.758
Native American	6.24	1.83 - 21.30	0.003
Other	1.21	0.50 - 2.93	0.667

Table 3. Multivariate Analysis for In-Hospital Colectomy

Odds ratio

95% CI

P value

A-fib: atrial fibrillation; CAD: coronary artery disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; CI: confidence interval; DM: diabetes mellitus; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; HTN: hypertension; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; PI: Pacific Islander.

Cirrhosis

0.31

0.07 - 1.27

0.104

A-fib

1.95

1.43 - 2.64

0.000

CAD

1.05

0.77 - 1.42

0.738

CHF

1.22

0.82 - 1.82

0.305

PVD

1.11

0.71 - 1.73

0.633

ESRD

1.50

0.93 - 2.42

0.095

HTN

0.84

0.63 - 1.11

0.224

1.12

0.84 - 1.49

0.423

Age

0.98

0.97 - 0.99

0.005

Gender

Male (reference)

Female

0.56

0.43 - 0.72

0.000

Race

White (reference)

Black

1.68

1.11 - 2.53

0.013

Hispanic

1.09

0.66 - 1.78

0.726

Asian/PI

1.13

0.51 - 2.49

0.758

Native American

6.24

1.83 - 21.30

0.003

Other

1.21

0.50 - 2.93

0.667

**Table 4.** Multivariate Analysis for In-Hospital Mortality
	Odds ratio	95% CI	P value
A-fib: atrial fibrillation; CAD: coronary artery disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; CI: confidence interval; DM: diabetes mellitus; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; HTN: hypertension; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; PI: Pacific Islander.
Cirrhosis	3.15	1.46 - 6.79	0.003
A-fib	2.31	1.68 - 3.16	0.000
CAD	0.87	0.62 - 1.22	0.430
CHF	1.30	0.88 - 1.92	0.187
PVD	1.69	1.05 - 2.73	0.030
ESRD	3.29	1.93 - 5.62	0.000
HTN	0.59	0.42 - 0.83	0.002
DM	0.75	0.53 - 1.05	0.096
Age	1.03	1.02 - 1.05
Gender
Male (reference)	-	-	-
Female	0.72	0.53 - 0.99	0.046
Race
White (reference)	-	-	-
Black	1.30	0.75 - 2.24	0.347
Hispanic	1.14	0.64 - 2.04	0.643
Asian/PI	0.87	0.31 - 2.38	0.791
Native American	1.97	0.28 - 13.66	0.492
Other	2.05	0.85 - 4.95	0.109

Table 4. Multivariate Analysis for In-Hospital Mortality

Odds ratio

95% CI

P value

Cirrhosis

3.15

1.46 - 6.79

0.003

A-fib

2.31

1.68 - 3.16

0.000

CAD

0.87

0.62 - 1.22

0.430

CHF

1.30

0.88 - 1.92

0.187

PVD

1.69

1.05 - 2.73

0.030

ESRD

3.29

1.93 - 5.62

0.000

HTN

0.59

0.42 - 0.83

0.002

0.75

0.53 - 1.05

0.096

Age

1.03

1.02 - 1.05

Gender

Male (reference)

Female

0.72

0.53 - 0.99

0.046

Race

White (reference)

Black

1.30

0.75 - 2.24

0.347

Hispanic

1.14

0.64 - 2.04

0.643

Asian/PI

0.87

0.31 - 2.38

0.791

Native American

1.97

0.28 - 13.66

0.492

Other

2.05

0.85 - 4.95

0.109